Nepal and Bangladeshi
are separated by just about 35-km Indian territory. Both the nations are members
of two regional forums– SAARC and BIMSTEC. Bangladesh has graduated to the
developing status some years ago while Nepal is set to upgrade in 2022.
Despite being smaller
in size than Nepal, Bangladesh has progressed a lot in the last decade with the
revival of its industrial sector and national economy and infrastructure
development. The country has done well in social and economic development after
reducing poverty. Until 1972, the national poverty rate of the coastal nation stood
at 82 per cent. However, the nation was able to bring down poverty to 18.5 per
cent and 9 per cent in 2010 and 2018, respectively. Bangladesh’s per capita
income (nominal) was US$1,906 in 2019 while Nepal had just $1034.
Due to various
reasons, there has been very less cooperation between the two countries in
terms of trade, investment, tourism and other areas. Nepal is witnessing
continuous trade deficit with Bangladesh for the last many years. Nepal had
almost Rs. 3 billion trade deficit with Bangladesh as it imported goods worth
Rs. 4.24 billion from the latter and exported goods or Rs. 1.29 billion in
2018/19. In 2017/18, such deficit was Rs. 3.7 billion.
Nepal needs to
revive its export trade with Bangladesh and attract more investments and
tourists. Foreign Minister Pradeep Kumar Gyawali’s recent visit to Bangladesh
has tried to strike the chords for the same. During his visit, Nepal and
Bangladesh signed a memorandum of understanding to develop waterways in the
river that connect Nepal and Bangladesh and enhance road, rail and air
connectivity networks.
Minister Gyawali also said that the visit was successful
in creating understanding in the areas of trade, investment and connectivity.
The two neighbours have agreed to find additional potential in promoting the
bilateral trade, removing the trade barriers, lowering the tariff and
increasing the production of exportable goods. Bangladesh also pledged simple
and easy transit facility for Nepal to utilise the facility provided by the
former.
Nepal has much
to learn from Bangladesh such as focusing on a few exportable goods. Bangladesh
has given major attention to the development of the garment industry. With
cheap labour and technological expertise in this sector, the country has created
a formidable garment business which has not only employed the largest number of
people but also supported in its economic development and improved the living
standard of people. Likewise, development of manufacturing industry is another
lesson that needs to be learnt from it.
Bangladesh has
shown interest in investing in hydropower project in Nepal. It has pledged Rs.
100 billion investment in any project in Nepal and recently agreed to import
electricity from the Upper Karnali Hydel Project. But Nepal has so far failed
to tap that investment potential. Bangladesh will
require 34,000 MW of power by 2030 to sustain its current 7.8 per cent growth. Nepal
could reduce its trade deficit with Bangladesh if the former focuses on
hydropower development.
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