Saturday, April 25, 2026

Experts stress governance reform, investment boost and employment generation in new budget

Kathmandu, Apr. 24

Weak governance, reduced private sector confidence, weak manufacturing, growing unemployment and procedural hurdles should be the fundamental aspects the upcoming budget of the Fiscal Year 2026/27 should address, said economists and investors.

Speaking at the pre-budget discussion programme organised by the Management Association of Nepal (MAN) in Kathmandu on Friday, they said that the process should facilitate the business and industry while the government should be clear on the treatment of entrepreneurs.

Dr. Baikuntha Aryal, former Chief Secretary, said that infrastructure development, governance reform, human resource development and upskilling, and improving the investment environment should be the priority of the upcoming budget.

He informed that for the past several years, the federal government has failed to meet the 80 per cent mark in mobilising the development budget. The weak government spending has resulted in poor private sector investment and revenue mobilization.

"Hope is rekindled with the formation of stable government which has initiated a process to include the crucial pledges from the manifestos of the major political parties, annul the restrictive 15 laws and improve governance," he said while adding that single tax code and simplified tax process with investor-friendly tax administration will help to increase the revenue.

According to him, the budget allocating system should be changed to global budgeting or agency budgeting. The Finance Ministry shouldn't allocate budget directly to the projects.

Project readiness filter should be made mandatory. This filter was announced a decade ago but rarely implemented. All the projects should be harmonized with the current periodic plan (5-year) and mid-term expenditure framework (3-year), said Dr. Aryal.

He suggested that the government should run corporations only producing goods and services, own only one bank while private investment should be invited in all other public enterprises.

Dr. Ramesh Chandra Poudel, former Member of the NPC, said that the entire government mechanism including the institutions and bureaucracy has remained inefficient, so if the current government couldn't make it efficient, desired results can't be achieved.

Paradigm shift is needed in health and education sector to give greater emphasis to social development.

Businesspeople mustn't be handcuffed until proven guilty, the tendency to arrest them, take to the court and releasing afterwards will be counterproductive.

Chartered Accountant Sudarshan Raj Pandey said that the share of capital budget is just about 12-15 per cent of the total budget and the country has been failing to mobilise even this small amount. This has impacted the overall development of infrastructure and other projects.

"We have excess liquidity now so the government can issue long-term bond to raise money to expedite development projects that have remained sluggish due to shortage of sufficient funds," he said.

According to Pandey, removal of education and health services tax has compromised the transparency in these sectors. The 1 per cent tax on these services had not increased the cost of business but the interest groups influenced the political leadership and succeeded in repealing the provisions. Such practice should be discouraged, he said.

He also said that multiple VAT (Value Added Tax) rates - as advocated by some economists and financial experts - can be an accounting nuisance. This will create challenges in its implementation, compliance and supervision.

Former Finance Minister and former Governor of the Nepal Rastra Bank, Dr. Yuba Raj Khatiwada, said that although it sounds cliché, the tax base needs to be expanded and tax rates should be moderated.

"However, there is a threshold below which tax rates should not fall; otherwise, it leads to the flawed assumption that setting taxes to zero would generate higher revenue," he said.

Dr. Khatiwada said when efforts were made to bring lawyers into the income tax net, they resisted, saying they would not plead cases and would halt court proceedings. While doctors and engineers have been brought within the tax system, lawyers have yet to be effectively included.

Commenting on cross-border smuggling of goods, he maintained that those who cross the border multiple times a day to bring in goods should not be given even a one-rupee exemption, let alone a Rs. 100.

"If air travellers are allowed baggage concessions, similar facilities should also be extended to those travelling to India by land. Proper records of entries and exits should be maintained," said Dr. Khatiwada.

Published in The Rising Nepal daily on 25 April 2026.         

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