Kathmandu, Jan.
23
Nepal needs
about 1.35 million tonnes of chemical fertilisers per year but the continuous
crisis has pushed the actual demand down to about 800 thousand tonnes while
only 450 thousand tons is imported.
Shortage of
chemical fertilisers is a recurring crisis in Nepal. The country reels under
the acute shortage of the much-needed agricultural input at the time when the
farmers need it the most, like during paddy plantation and wheat plantation.
Farmers across
the country use about 6 hundred thousand tons of compost manure. Although there
is no exact data, hundreds of thousand tons of fertilisers is smuggled to Nepal
via India especially during paddy cultivation.
The government
spends billions of rupees for grants in imported fertilisers. According to
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Rs. 10 billion was allocated
for the fertiliser grant in the last fiscal year which increased to Rs. 11
billion in the current FY 2020/21.
Amidst this
scenario and the haunting experience of fertiliser shortage in the previous
season, the government on Wednesday announced to establish a chemical
fertiliser factory in the country.
A meeting of
Minister for Finance Bishnu Prasad Paudel, Minister for Industry, Commerce and
Supplies Lekh Raj Bhatta and Minister for Agriculture and Livestock Padma
Kumari Aryal, and secretaries had announced that the process for the
establishment of the factory had been initiated.
A Cabinet
meeting on 9 November 2020 had formed a committee led by Finance Minister
Paudel to conduct preliminary study about the establishment of the fertiliser
plant.
In a special
interview with The Rising Nepal on
Saturday, Minister Aryal said that the meeting had discussed a concept paper to
build the fertiliser plant and assigned a team of senior bureaucrats to refine
the paper.
The team will
submit the paper to the government within two weeks’ period.
The government
is considering three options – natural gas-based, coal-based and
electricity-based – for the plant. The gas-based plant is the most economic as
it could be established at an estimated cost of Rs. 22 billion while the
electrolysis method would need about Rs. 157 billion.
IBN suggests gas-based technology
A study
conducted by the Investment Board of Nepal (IBN) in 2017 had also suggested to
opt for the natural gas-based technology which would require 115 megawatt of electricity
and 1197 tonnes of gas per day.
Locations
proposed for the establishment of the factory were Dhalkebar in Dhanusha
district of Province 2 and Bardghat of Nawalparasi district of Lumbini
Province.
Minister Aryal
said that the gas-based option is more feasible and cheaper as the gas could be
imported from India through a pipeline. Bardghat could be an ideal option for
it.
The IBN also
said that the electricity-based plant would be much more expensive.
The government
is considering to establish the new plant in Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
and the plant could be developed within five years.
“When the
government facilitates land acquisition, import and installation of the plant,
developing the gas pipeline, and the market is immediately available, private
sector might have a good opportunity to invest in the plant as per the PPP
model,” said Aryal.
According to the
IBN, the role of government in the project would be provision of government
land, land acquisition, facilitation and project security, facilitating legal approvals/permits,
and review and monitoring. Likewise, the private sector’s role will be plan,
design, build, finance and operate the facilities during the concession period,
collection of revenues from the project and hand over to the government after
the concession period expires.
Dr. Shree Ram
Ghimire, Spokesperson of the MoALD, said that the IBN report could be the point
of departure in terms of establishing a new fertiliser plant.
He said that
inputs would be taken from the National Planning Commission as well.
There will be
interactions and discussions with the private sector before finalising the
construction and operation modality of the plant.
A long-term solution
Nepal is an
agrarian country with 65 per cent people involved in agriculture and the sector
contributing about 29 per cent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the
country. It is also sector that generates the biggest number of jobs.
“We must work to
increase the agricultural productivity and find a long-term solution to the perennial
crisis of fertilisers. Establishment of the fertiliser plant is an important
step towards it,” Minister Aryal said.
While assuming
the post of the Agriculture and Livestock Minister last month, Aryal had announced
that fertiliser storage facilities would be established in each province to
ensure the timely supply of the much-needed agricultural input.
The Agricultural
Inputs Company and Salt Trading Corporation are the agencies responsible for
the procurement of fertilisers but they have continuously failed in the timely
supply of chemical fertilisers.
Published in The Rising Nepal daily on 24 January 2021.